Table 2. Shared tumor-specific antigens

^aClass II HLA are indicated in blue.
^bFrequency in Caucasians, based on (1) Marsh SGE, Parham P, Barber LD. The HLA Factsbook (Academic Press, 2000) for HLA-A, B, C, and DR, and (2) Colombani J. HLA, Fonctions immunitaires et applications médicales (John Libbey Eurotext, 1993) for HLA-DP and DR.
^cALVAC recombinant poxvirus carrying the entire gene were used to infect dendritic cells.
^dPoorly processed, but some CTL recognize HLA-A2 tumor cells expressing MAGE-3.
^eSame peptide as MAGE-A3/A2 (aa 271-279).
^fAberrant transcript of N-acetyl glucosaminyl transferase V (GnTV) that is found only in melanomas.
^gIncompletely spliced transcript found only in melanomas.
^hRetrovirus carrying the entire gene were used to infect dendritic cells.
ⁱThe processing of this peptide requires the immunoproteasome.
^jThis peptide is encoded by allele MAGE-4a, which is expressed in one third of MAGE-4 positive tumor samples. The other allele, namely MAGE-4b, encodes peptide EVDPTSNTY.
^kMHC-unrestricted recognition by CTL of a repeated motif that is unmasked in tumors due to mucin underglycosylation. Mucin underglycosylation also occurs in breast duct epithelial cells during lactation, but only at the extracellular apical surface, which is not accessible to T cells.

References

Aarnoudse CA, van den Doel PB, Heemskerk B, Schrier PI. Interleukin-2-induced, melanoma-specific T cells recognize CAMEL, an unexpected translation product of LAGE-1. Int J Cancer 1999; 82: 442-8. (PMID: 10399963)

Adair SJ, Carr TM, Fink MJ, Slingluff CL Jr, Hogan KT. The TAG family of cancer/testis antigens is widely expressed in a variety of malignancies and gives rise to HLA-A2-restricted epitopes. J Immunother 2008; 31: 7-17. (PMID: 18157007)

Ayyoub M, Stevanovic S, Sahin U, Guillaume P, Servis C, Rimoldi D, Valmori D, Romero P, Cerottini JC, Rammensee HG, Pfreundschuh M, Speiser D, Levy F. Proteasome-assisted identification of a SSX-2-derived epitope recognized by tumor-reactive CTL infiltrating metastatic melanoma. J Immunol 2002; 168: 1717-22. (PMID: 11823502)

Ayyoub M, Hesdorffer CS, Metthez G, Stevanovic S, Ritter G, Chen YT, Old LJ, Speiser D, Cerottini JC, Valmori D. Identification of an SSX-2 epitope presented by dendritic cells to circulating autologous CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 2004a; 172: 7206-11. (PMID: 15153546)

Ayyoub M, Hesdorffer CS, Montes M, Merlo A, Speiser D, Rimoldi D, Cerottini JC, Ritter G, Scanlan M, Old LJ, Valmori D. An immunodominant SSX-2-derived epitope recognized by CD4+ T cells in association with HLA-DR. J Clin Invest 2004b; 113:1225-33. (PMID: 15085202)

Ayyoub M, Merlo A, Hesdorffer CS, Speiser D, Rimoldi D, Cerottini JC, Ritter G, Chen YT, Old LJ, Stevanovic S, Valmori D. Distinct but overlapping T helper epitopes in the 37-58 region of SSX-2. Clin Immunol 2005a; 114: 70-8. (PMID: 15596411)

Ayyoub M, Merlo A, Hesdorffer CS, Rimoldi D, Speiser D, Cerottini JC, Chen YT, Old LJ, Stevanovic S, Valmori D. CD4+ T cell responses to SSX-4 in melanoma patients. J Immunol 2005b; 174: 5092-9. (PMID: 15814740)

Benlalam H, Linard B, Guilloux Y, Moreau-Aubry A, Derré L, Diez E, Dreno B, Jotereau F, Labarrière N. Identification of five new HLA-B*3501-restricted epitopes derived from common melanoma-associated antigens, spontaneously recognized by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunol 2003; 171: 6283-9. (PMID: 14634146)

Bilsborough J, Panichelli C, Duffour MT, Warnier G, Lurquin C, Schultz ES, Thielemans K, Corthals J, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-3 peptide presented by HLA-B44 is also recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-B18. Tissue Antigens 2002; 60: 16-24. (PMID: 12366779)

Bioley G, Dousset C, Yeh A, Dupont B, Bhardwaj N, Mears G, Old LJ, Ayyoub M, Valmori D. Vaccination with recombinant NY-ESO-1 protein elicits immunodominant HLA-DR52b-restricted CD4+ T cell responses with a conserved T cell receptor repertoire. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15: 4467-74. (PMID: 19531622) [PubMed]

Boel P, Wildmann C, Sensi ML, Brasseur R, Renauld JC, Coulie P, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. BAGE, a new gene encoding an antigen recognized on human melanomas by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Immunity 1995; 2: 167-75. (PMID: 7895173)

Breckpot K, Heirman C, De Greef C, van der Bruggen P, Thielemans K. Identification of new antigenic peptide presented by HLA-Cw7 and encoded by several MAGE genes using dendritic cells transduced with lentiviruses. J Immunol 2004; 172: 2232-7. (PMID: 14764691)

Chaux P, Luiten R, Demotte N, Vantomme V, Stroobant V, Traversari C, Russo V, Schultz E, Cornelis GR, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. Identification of five MAGE-A1 epitopes recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes obtained by in vitro stimulation with dendritic cells transduced with MAGE-A1. J Immunol 1999a; 163: 2928-36. (PMID: 10453041)

Chaux P, Vantomme V, Stroobant V, Thielemans K, Corthals J, Luiten R, Eggermont AM, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. Identification of MAGE-3 epitopes presented by HLA-DR molecules to CD4(+) T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1999b; 189: 767-78. (PMID: 10049940)

Chaux P, Lethé B, Van Snick J, Corthals J, Schultz ES, Cambiaso CL, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-1 peptide recognized on HLA-DR15 by CD4+ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31: 1910-6. (PMID: 11433388)

Chen JL, Dunbar PR, Gileadi U, Jager E, Gnjatic S, Nagata Y, Stockert E, Panicali DL, Chen YT, Knuth A, Old LJ, Cerundolo V. Identification of NY-ESO-1 peptide analogues capable of improved stimulation of tumor-reactive CTL. J Immunol 2000; 165: 948-55. (PMID: 10878370)

Chen Q, Jackson H, Parente P, Luke T, Rizkalla M, Tai TY, Zhu H-C, Mifsud NA, Dimopoulos N, Masterman K-A, Hopkins W, Goldie H, Maraskovsky E, Green S, Miloradovic L, McCluskey J, Old LJ, Davis ID, Cebon J, Chen W. Immunodominant CD4+ responses identified in a patient vaccinated with full-length NY-ESO-1 formulated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101: 9363-8. (PMID: 15197261)

Chiriva-Internati M, Wang Z, Pochopien S, Salati E, Lim SH. Identification of a sperm protein 17 CTL epitope restricted by HLA-A1. Int J Cancer 2003; 107: 863-5. (PMID: 14566839)

Consogno G, Manici S, Facchinetti V, Bachi A, Hammer J, Conti-Fine BM, Rugarli C, Traversari C, Protti MP. Identification of immunodominant regions among promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T-cell epitopes on the tumor antigen MAGE-3. Blood 2003; 101: 1038-44. (PMID: 12393675)

Corbière V, Nicolay H, Russo V, Stroobant V, Brichard V, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. Identification of a MAGE-1 peptide recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-B*5701 tumors. Tissue Antigens 2004; 63: 453-7. (PMID: 15104676)

De Backer O, Arden KC, Boretti M, Vantomme V, De Smet C, Czekay S, Viars CS, De Plaen E, Brasseur F, Chomez P, Van den Eynde B, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. Characterization of the GAGE genes that are expressed in various human cancers and in normal testis. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 3157-65. (PMID: 10397259)

Duffour MT, Chaux P, Lurquin C, Cornelis G, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-A4 peptide presented by HLA-A2 is recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29: 3329-37. (PMID: 10540345)

Ebert LM, Liu YC, Clements CS, Robson NC, Jackson HM, Markby JL, Dimopoulos N, Tan BS, Luescher IF, Davis ID, Rossjohn J, Cebon J, Purcell AW, Chen W. A long, naturally presented immunodominant epitope from NY-ESO-1 tumor antigen: implications for cancer vaccine design. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 1046-54. (PMID: 19176376)

Fukuyama T, Hanagiri T, Takenoyama M, Ichiki Y, Mizukami M, So T, Sugaya M, Sugio K, Yasumoto K. Identification of a new cancer/germline gene, KK-LC-1, encoding an antigen recognized by autologous CTL induced on human lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 4922-8. (PMID: 16651449)

Gaugler B, Van den Eynde B, van der Bruggen P, Romero P, Gaforio JJ, De Plaen E, Lethe B, Brasseur F, Boon T. Human gene MAGE-3 codes for an antigen recognized on a melanoma by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1994; 179: 921-30. (PMID: 8113684)

Gnjatic S, Nagata Y, Jager E, Stockert E, Shankara S, Roberts BL, Mazzara GP, Lee SY, Dunbar PR, Dupont B, Cerundolo V, Ritter G, Chen YT, Knuth A, Old LJ. Strategy for monitoring T cell responses to NY-ESO-1 in patients with any HLA class I allele. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 10917-22. (PMID: 11005863)

Godelaine D, Carrasco J, Brasseur F, Neyns B, Thielemans K, Boon T, Van Pel A. A new tumor-specific antigen encoded by MAGE-C2 and presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes by HLA-B44. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56: 753-9. (PMID: 17096150)

Guilloux Y, Lucas S, Brichard VG, Van Pel A, Viret C, De Plaen E, Brasseur F, Lethe B, Jotereau F, Boon T. A peptide recognized by human cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A2 melanomas is encoded by an intron sequence of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V gene. J Exp Med 1996; 183: 1173-83. (PMID: 8642259)

Hasegawa K, Noguchi Y, Koizumi F, Uenaka A, Tanaka M, Shimono M, Nakamura H, Shiku H, Gnjatic S, Murphy R, Hiramatsu Y, Old LJ, Nakayama E. In vitro stimulation of CD8 and CD4 T cells by dendritic cells loaded with a complex of cholesterol-bearing hydrophobized pullulan and NY-ESO-1 protein: Identification of a new HLA-DR15-binding CD4 T-cell epitope. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 1921-7. (PMID: 16551878)

Heidecker L, Brasseur F, Probst-Kepper M, Gueguen M, Boon T, Van den Eynde BJ. Cytolytic T lymphocytes raised against a human bladder carcinoma recognize an antigen encoded by gene MAGE-A12. J Immunol 2000; 164: 6041-5. (PMID: 10820289)

Herman J, van der Bruggen P, Luescher IF, Mandruzzato S, Romero P, Thonnard J, Fleischhauer K, Boon T, Coulie PG. A peptide encoded by the human gene MAGE-3 and presented by HLA-B44 induces cytolytic T lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells expressing MAGE-3. Immunogenetics 1996; 43: 377-83. (PMID: 8606058)

Huang LQ, Brasseur F, Serrano A, De Plaen E, van der Bruggen P, Boon T, Van Pel A. Cytolytic T lymphocytes recognize an antigen encoded by MAGE-A10 on a human melanoma. J Immunol 1999; 162: 6849-54. (PMID: 10352307)

Janjic B, Andrade P, Wang XF, Fourcade J, Almunia C, Kudela P, Brufsky A, Jacobs S, Friedland D, Stoller R, Gillet D, Herberman RB, Kirkwood JM, Maillère B, Zarour HM. Spontaneous CD4+ T cell responses against TRAG-3 in patients with melanoma and breast cancers. J Immunol 2006; 177: 2717-27. (PMID: 16888034)

Jager E, Chen YT, Drijfhout JW, Karbach J, Ringhoffer M, Jager D, Arand M, Wada H, Noguchi Y, Stockert E, Old LJ, Knuth A. Simultaneous humoral and cellular immune response against cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1: definition of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-binding peptide epitopes. J Exp Med 1998; 187: 265-70. (PMID: 9432985)

Jager E, Jager D, Karbach J, Chen YT, Ritter G, Nagata Y, Gnjatic S, Stockert E, Arand M, Old LJ, Knuth A. Identification of NY-ESO-1 epitopes presented by human histocompatibility antigen (HLA)-DRB4*0101-0103 and recognized by CD4+ T lymphocytes of patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing melanoma. J Exp Med 2000; 191: 625-30. (PMID: 10684854)

Jager E, Karbach J, Gnjatic S, Jager D, Maeurer M, Atmaca A, Arand M, Skipper J, Stockert E, Chen YT, Old LJ, Knuth A. Identification of a naturally processed NY-ESO-1 peptide recognized by CD8+ T cells in the context of HLA-B51. Cancer Immun [serial online] 2002; 2: 12. URL: http://www.cancerimmunity.org/v2p12/020812.htm (PMID: 12747757)

Jerome KR, Domenech N, Finn OJ. Tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell clones from patients with breast and pancreatic adenocarcinoma recognize EBV-immortalized B cells transfected with polymorphic epithelial mucin complementary DNA. J Immunol 1993; 151: 1654-62. (PMID: 8393050)

Kawashima I, Hudson SJ, Tsai V, Southwood S, Takesako K, Appella E, Sette A, Celis E. The multi-epitope approach for immunotherapy for cancer: identification of several CTL epitopes from various tumor-associated antigens expressed on solid epithelial tumors. Hum Immunol 1998; 59: 1-14. (PMID: 9544234)

Knights AJ, Nuber N, Thomson CW, de la Rosa O, Jager E, Tiercy JM, van den Broek M, Pascolo S, Knuth A, Zippelius A. Modified tumour antigen-encoding mRNA facilitates the analysis of naturally occurring and vaccine-induced CD4 and CD8 T cells in cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58: 325-38. (PMID: 18663444)

Kobayashi H, Song Y, Hoon DS, Appella E, Celis E. Tumor-reactive T helper lymphocytes recognize a promiscuous MAGE-A3 epitope presented by various major histocompatibility complex class II alleles. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 4773-8. (PMID: 11406551)

Kobayashi T, Lonchay C, Colau D, Demotte N, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. New MAGE-4 antigenic peptide recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A1 tumor cells. Tissue Antigens 2003; 62: 426-32. (PMID: 14617050)

Luiten R, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-A1 peptide is recognized on HLA-B7 human tumors by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Tissue Antigens 2000a; 55: 149-52. (PMID: 10746786)

Luiten RM, Demotte N, Tine J, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-A1 peptide presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes by both HLA-B35 and HLA-A1 molecules. Tissue Antigens 2000b; 56: 77-81. (PMID: 10958359)

Lupetti R, Pisarra P, Verrecchia A, Farina C, Nicolini G, Anichini A, Bordignon C, Sensi M, Parmiani G, Traversari C. Translation of a retained intron in tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 mRNA generates a new cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-defined and shared human melanoma antigen not expressed in normal cells of the melanocytic lineage. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 1005-16. (PMID: 9743519)

Ma W, Germeau C, Vigneron N, Maernoudt AS, Morel S, Boon T, Coulie PG, Van den Eynde BJ. Two new tumor-specific antigenic peptides encoded by gene MAGE-C2 and presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes by HLA-A2. Int J Cancer 2004; 109: 698-702. (PMID: 14999777)

Mandic M, Castelli F, Janjic B, Almunia C, Andrade P, Gillet D, Brusic V, Kirkwood JM, Maillere B, Zarour HM. One NY-ESO-1-derived epitope that promiscuously binds to multiple HLA-DR and HLA-DP4 molecules and stimulates autologous CD4+ T cells from patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing melanoma. J Immunol 2005; 174: 1751-9. (PMID: 15661941)

Manici S, Sturniolo T, Imro MA, Hammer J, Sinigaglia F, Noppen C, Spagnoli G, Mazzi B, Bellone M, Dellabona P, Protti MP. Melanoma cells present a MAGE-3 epitope to CD4(+) cytotoxic T cells in association with histocompatibility leukocyte antigen DR11. J Exp Med 1999; 189: 871-6. (PMID: 10049951)

Matsuzaki J, Qian F, Luescher I, Lele S, Ritter G, Shrikant PA, Gnjatic S, Old LJ, Odunsi K. Recognition of naturally processed and ovarian cancer reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes within a promiscuous HLA class II T-helper region of NY-ESO-1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57: 1185-95. (PMID: 18253733)

Miyagawa N, Kono K, Mimura K, Omata H, Sugai H, Fujii H. A newly identified MAGE-3-derived, HLA-A24-restricted peptide is naturally processed and presented as a CTL epitope on MAGE-3-expressing gastrointestinal cancer cells. Oncology 2006; 70: 54-62. (PMID: 16446550)

Miyahara Y, Naota H, Wang L, Hiasa A, Goto M, Watanabe M, Kitano S, Okumura S, Takemitsu T, Yuta A, Majima Y, Lemonnier FA, Boon T, Shiku H. Determination of cellularly processed HLA-A2402-restricted novel CTL epitopes derived from two cancer germ line genes, MAGE-A4 and SAGE. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 5581-9. (PMID: 16061876)

Monji M, Nakatsura T, Senju S, Yoshitake Y, Sawatsubashi M, Shinohara M, Kageshita T, Ono T, Inokuchi A, Nishimura Y. Identification of a novel human cancer/testis antigen, KM-HN-1, recognized by cellular and humoral immune responses. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 6047-57. (PMID: 15447989)

Moreau-Aubry A, Le Guiner S, Labarriere N, Gesnel MC, Jotereau F, Breathnach R. A processed pseudogene codes for a new antigen recognized by a CD8(+) T cell clone on melanoma. J Exp Med 2000; 191: 1617-24. (PMID: 10790436)

Neumann F, Wagner C, Stevanovic S, Kubuschok B, Schormann C, Mischo A, Ertan K, Schmidt W, Pfreundschuh M. Identification of an HLA-DR-restricted peptide epitope with a promiscuous binding pattern derived from the cancer testis antigen HOM-MEL-40/SSX2. Int J Cancer 2004; 112: 661-8. (PMID: 15382048)

Oehlrich N, Devitt G, Linnebacher M, Schwitalle Y, Grosskinski S, Stevanovic S, Zöller M. Generation of RAGE-1 and MAGE-9 peptide-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lines for transfer in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2005; 117: 256-64. (PMID: 15900605)

Oiso M, Eura M, Katsura F, Takiguchi M, Sobao Y, Masuyama K, Nakashima M, Itoh K, Ishikawa T. A newly identified MAGE-3-derived epitope recognized by HLA-A24-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Int J Cancer 1999; 81: 387-94. (PMID: 10209953)

Ottaviani S, Zhang Y, Boon T, van der Bruggen. A MAGE-1 antigenic peptide recognized by human cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A2 tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54: 1214-20. (PMID: 16025263)

Ottaviani S, Colau D, van der Bruggen P, der Bruggen PV. A new MAGE-4 antigenic peptide recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A24 carcinoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55: 867-72. (PMID: 16151806)

Panelli MC, Bettinotti MP, Lally K, Ohnmacht GA, Li Y, Robbins P, Riker A, Rosenberg SA, Marincola FM. A tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte from a melanoma metastasis with decreased expression of melanoma differentiation antigens recognizes MAGE-12. J Immunol 2000; 164: 4382-92. (PMID: 10754339)

Pascolo S, Schirle M, Guckel B, Dumrese T, Stumm S, Kayser S, Moris A, Wallwiener D, Rammensee H-G, Stevanovic S. A MAGE-A1 HLA-A A*0201 epitope identified by mass spectrometry. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 4072-7. (PMID: 11358828)

Rimoldi D, Rubio-Godoy V, Dutoit V, Lienard D, Salvi S, Guillaume P, Speiser D, Stockert E, Spagnoli G, Servis C, Cerottini JC, Lejeune F, Romero P, Valmori D. Efficient simultaneous presentation of NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 primary and nonprimary open reading frame-derived CTL epitopes in melanoma. J Immunol 2000; 165: 7253-61. (PMID: 11120859)

Russo V, Tanzarella S, Dalerba P, Rigatti D, Rovere P, Villa A, Bordignon C, Traversari C. Dendritic cells acquire the MAGE-3 human tumor antigen from apoptotic cells and induce a class I-restricted T cell response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97: 2185-90. (PMID: 10681453)

Schiavetti F, Thonnard J, Colau D, Boon T, Coulie PG. A human endogenous retroviral sequence encoding an antigen recognized on melanoma by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Cancer Research 2002; 62: 5510-6. (PMID: 12359761)

Schultz ES, Lethe B, Cambiaso CL, Van Snick J, Chaux P, Corthals J, Heirman C, Thielemans K, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-A3 peptide presented by HLA-DP4 is recognized on tumor cells by CD4+ cytolytic T lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 6272-5. (PMID: 11103782)

Schultz ES, Zhang Y, Knowles R, Tine J, Traversari C, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-3 peptide recognized on HLA-B35 and HLA-A1 by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Tissue Antigens 2001; 57: 103-9. (PMID: 11260504)

Schultz ES, Chapiro J, Lurquin C, Claverol S, Burlet-Schiltz O, Warnier G, Russo V, Morel S, Levy F, Boon T, Van den Eynde BJ, van der Bruggen P. The production of a new MAGE-3 peptide presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes by HLA-B40 requires the immunoproteasome. J Exp Med 2002; 195: 391-9. (PMID: 11854353)

Schultz ES, Schuler-Thurner B, Stroobant V, Jenne L, Berger TG, Thielemans K, van der Bruggen P, Schuler G. Functional analysis of tumor-specific Th cell responses detected in melanoma patients after dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. J Immunol 2004; 172: 1304-10. (PMID: 14707109)

Shimono M, Uenaka A, Noguchi Y, Sato S, Okumura H, Nakagawa K, Kiura K, Tanimoto M, Nakayama E. Identification of DR9-restricted XAGE antigen on lung adenocarcinoma recognized by autologous CD4 T-cells. Int J Oncol 2007; 30: 835-40. (PMID: 17332921)

Slager EH, Borghi M, van der Minne CE, Aarnoudse CA, Havenga MJ, Schrier PI, Osanto S, Griffioen M. CD4+ Th2 cell recognition of HLA-DR-restricted epitopes derived from CAMEL: a tumor antigen translated in an alternative open reading frame. J Immunol 2003; 170: 1490-7. (PMID: 12538712)

Slager EH, van der Minne CE, Krüse M, Krueger DD, Griffioen M, Osanto S. Identification of multiple HLA-DR-restricted epitopes of the tumor-associated antigen CAMEL by CD4+ Th1/Th2 lymphocytes. J Immunol 2004a; 172: 5095-102. (PMID: 15067093)

Slager EH, van der Minne CE, Goudsmit J, van Oers JMM, Kostense S, Havenga MJE, Osanto S, Griffioen M. Induction of CAMEL/NY-ESO-ORF2-specific CD8+ T cells upon stimulation with dendritic cells infected with a modified Ad5 vector expressing a chimeric Ad5/35 fiber. Cancer Gene Ther 2004b; 11: 227-36. (PMID: 14726960)

Sun Z, Lethé B, Zhang Y, Russo V, Colau D, Stroobant V, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A new LAGE-1 peptide recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes on HLA-A68 tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55: 644-52. (PMID: 16187088)

Tahara K, Takesako K, Sette A, Celis E, Kitano S, Akiyoshi T. Identification of a MAGE-2-encoded human leukocyte antigen-A24-binding synthetic peptide that induces specific antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5: 2236-41. (PMID: 10473111)

Tanzarella S, Russo V, Lionello I, Dalerba P, Rigatti D, Bordignon C, Traversari C. Identification of a promiscuous T cell epitope encoded by multiple members of the MAGE family. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 2668-74. (PMID: 10363990)

Traversari C, van der Bruggen P, Luescher IF, Lurquin C, Chomez P, Van Pel A, De Plaen E, Amar-Costesec A, Boon T. A nonapeptide encoded by human gene MAGE-1 is recognized on HLA-A1 by cytolytic T lymphocytes directed against tumor antigen MZ2-E. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 1453-7. (PMID: 1402688)

Valmori D, Dutoit V, Lienard D, Rimoldi D, Pittet MJ, Champagne P, Ellefsen K, Sahin U, Speiser D, Lejeune F, Cerottini JC, Romero P. Naturally occurring human lymphocyte antigen-A2 restricted CD8+ T-cell response to the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in melanoma patients. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 4499-506. (PMID: 10969798)

Valmori D, Qian F, Ayyoub M, Renner C, Merlo A, Gnjatic S, Stockert E, Driscoll D, Lele S, Old LJ, Odunsi K. Expression of synovial sarcoma X (SSX) antigens in epithelial ovarian cancer and identification of SSX-4 epitopes recognized by CD4+ T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12: 398-404. (PMID: 16428478)

Van den Eynde B, Peeters O, De Backer O, Gaugler B, Lucas S, Boon T. A new family of genes coding for an antigen recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes on a human melanoma. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 689-98. (PMID: 7544395)

van der Bruggen P, Szikora JP, Boel P, Wildmann C, Somville M, Sensi M, Boon T. Autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes recognize a MAGE-1 nonapeptide on melanomas expressing HLA-Cw*1601. Eur J Immunol 1994a; 24: 2134-40. (PMID: 7522162)

van der Bruggen P, Bastin J, Gajewski T, Coulie PG, Boel P, De Smet C, Traversari C, Townsend A, Boon T. A peptide encoded by human gene MAGE-3 and presented by HLA-A2 induces cytolytic T lymphocytes that recognize tumor cells expressing MAGE-3. Eur J Immunol 1994b; 24: 3038-43. (PMID: 7805731)

Vantomme V, Boel P, De Plaen E, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A new tumor-specific antigenic peptide encoded by MAGE-6 is presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes by HLA-Cw16. Cancer Immun [serial online] 2003; 3: 17. URL: http://www.cancerimmunity.org/v3p17/031118.htm (PMID: 14664500)

Wang HY, Lee DA, Peng G, Guo Z, Li Y, Kiniwa Y, Shevach EM, Wang RF. Tumor-specific human CD4+ regulatory T cells and their ligands: implications for immunotherapy. Immunity 2004; 20: 107-18. (PMID: 14738769)

Wang RF, Johnston SL, Zeng G, Topalian SL, Schwartzentruber DJ, Rosenberg SA. A breast and melanoma-shared tumor antigen: T cell responses to antigenic peptides translated from different open reading frames. J Immunol 1998; 161: 3598-606. (PMID: 9759882)

Wang XF, Cohen WM, Castelli FA, Almunia C, Lethé B, Pouvelle-Moratille S, Munier G, Charron D, Ménez A, Zarour HM, van der Bruggen P, Busson M, Maillère B. Selective identification of HLA-DP4 binding T cell epitopes encoded by the MAGE-A gene family. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56: 807-18. (PMID: 16988823)

Zarour HM, Storkus WJ, Brusic V, Williams E, Kirkwood JM. NY-ESO-1 encodes DRB1*0401-restricted epitopes recognized by melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 4946-52. (PMID: 10987311)

Zarour HM, Maillère B, Brusic V, Coval K, Williams E, Pouvelle-Moratille S, Castelli F, Land S, Bennouna J, Logan T, Kirkwood JM. NY-ESO-1 119-143 is a promiscuous major histocompatibility complex class II T-helper epitope recognized by Th1- and Th2-type tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 213-8. (PMID: 11782380)

Zeng G, Touloukian CE, Wang X, Restifo NP, Rosenberg SA, Wang RF. Identification of CD4+ T cell epitopes from NY-ESO-1 presented by HLA-DR molecules. J Immunol 2000; 165: 1153-9. (PMID: 10878395)

Zeng G, Wang X, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA, Wang RF. CD4(+) T cell recognition of MHC class II-restricted epitopes from NY-ESO-1 presented by a prevalent HLA DP4 allele: association with NY-ESO-1 antibody production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 3964-9. (PMID: 11259659)

Zhang Y, Stroobant V, Russo V, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. A MAGE-A4 peptide presented by HLA-B37 is recognized on human tumors by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Tissue Antigens 2002; 60: 365-71. (PMID: 12492812)

Zhang Y, Chaux P, Stroobant V, Eggermont AM, Corthals J, Maillere B, Thielemans K, Marchand M, Boon T, Van Der Bruggen P. A MAGE-3 peptide presented by HLA-DR1 to CD4+ T cells that were isolated from a melanoma patient vaccinated with a MAGE-3 protein. J Immunol 2003; 171: 219-25. (PMID: 12817001)

Zorn E, Hercend T. A MAGE-6-encoded peptide is recognized by expanded lymphocytes infiltrating a spontaneously regressing human primary melanoma lesion. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29: 602-7. (PMID: 10064076)